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Hijab Ban and Gender Conflict
Introduction
Islamic dress in Europe, notably the variety of headdresses worn by Muslim women, has become a prominent symbol of the presence of Islam in western Europe. In several countries the adherence to hijab, which means `to cover` in Arab, has led to political controversies and proposals for a legal ban. Some countries already have laws banning the wearing of masks in public, which can be applied to veils that conceal the face. Other countries are debating similar legislation, or have more limited prohibitions. The issue has different names in different countries, and `the veil` or `hijab` may be used as general terms for the debate, representing more than just the veil itself, or the concept of modesty embodied in hijab.
Immigration and the position of Islam
Although the Balkans and Eastern Europe have indigenous Muslim populations, most Muslims in western, Europe are members of immigrant communities. The issue of Islamic…(생략)
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western immigration.
The secular nature of France
In France, the emphasis is on the secular nature of the state, and the symbolic nature of the Islamic dress, and bans apply at state institutions (courts, civil service) and in state-funded education. These bans also cover Islamic headscarves, which in some other countries are seen as less controversial, although law court staff in the Netherlands are also forbidden to wear Islamic headscarves on grounds of `state neutrality`.
Equality of women
Ayaan Hirsi Ali also sees Islam as incompatible with Western values, at least in its present form. She advocates the values of `Enlightenment liberalism`, including secularism and equality of women. For her, the burqa or chador are both a symbol of religious obscurantism and the oppression of women. Western Enlightenment values, in her view, require prohibition, regardless of whether a woman has freely chosen Islamic dress.
To sum up, The French law on secularity and conspicuous reli
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