³íÇ×°ü°è¿Í ¹®¹ý¼º¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ¿¬±¸
Kwon, Kyeong Won. 2008. A Study on the Argument Relation and Grammaticality. The Journal of Studies in Language 24.3, 451-471. The relationship among arguments has something to do with difference in meaning and sometimes grammaticality. In this paper I observed the relationship among subject argument, direct object argument and the object of prepositional phrase based on verbs. As a result this paper shows the followings. (1) While direct object argument has been directly, widely and physically influenced by subject argument, the object of PP has been indirectly, partially and abstractly influenced by subject argument because of distance. (2) Some transitive verbs allow alternation between direct object NP and prepositional phrase NP, but others do not. Alternation between them bring about difference in meaning and sometimes ungrammaticality. (3) These grammatical phenomena could be accounted for by prominent feature of verbs. (Mokwon University)
K¡¦(»ý·«)
1. ¼·Ð
(1) a. Nobody is to camp beside the lake.
b. This lake is not to be camped beside by anybody.
(1a)´Â È£¼ö°¡ ¿À¿°µÉ ¿°·Á°¡ Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ´©±¸µµ Ä·ÇÎÀ» Çؼ´Â ¾È µÈ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. ´Ù½Ã ¸»Çؼ Á־ ÀÇÇؼ È£¼ö°¡ Á÷Á¢ÀûÀÎ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÞÀ» ¼ö Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ Ä·ÇÁ¸¦ ±ÝÁöÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌ¿Í °°ÀÌ Á־ ÀÇÇؼ ¸ñÀû¾î°¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹Þ´Â °æ¿ì¿¡´Â (1b)¿Í °°ÀÌ ¼öµ¿ÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù°í º¸¾Ò´Ù. ¹Ý¸é¿¡ (2a)¿¡¼´Â ³ªÀÇ ¿©µ¿»ýÀÌ È£¼ý°¡¿¡¼ Ä·ÇÎÀ» ÇÏ°íÀÖ´Ù´Â ´Ü¼øÇÑ »ç½ÇÀ» ±â¼úÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ È£¼ö´Â Ä·ÇÁ¸¦ Ä£ ¿©µ¿»ý¿¡ ÀÇÇؼ ¾Æ¹«·± ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÞÁö ¾Ê°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌó·³ ÁÖ¾î ³íÇ×ÀÌ ¸ñÀû¾î ³íÇ×ÀΠȣ¼ö¿¡ Á÷Á¢ÀûÀÎ ¿µÇâÀ» ÁÖÁö ¾Ê´Â °æ¿ì¿¡´Â (2b)¿Í °°ÀÌ ¼öµ¿ÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. (3a)¿¡¼´Â Ã¥ÀåÀÌ ÁÖ¾î ³íÇ׿¡ ÀÇÇؼ Á÷Á¢ÀûÀÎ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹Þ°í Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ (3b)¿Í °°Àº ¼öµ¿ÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª (4a)¿¡¼ Äڳʴ ÁÖ¾î ³íÇ׿¡ ÀÇÇؼ Á÷Á¢ÀûÀÎ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÞÁö ¾Ê¾Ò±â ¶§¹®¿¡ (4b)¿Í °°ÀÌ ¼öµ¿ÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. (5a)´Â ³¸¼± »ç¶÷ÀÌ ³ª¿¡°Ô Á¢±ÙÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇÏ¸ç ½É¸®ÀûÀ¸·Î À§ÇùÀ» ´À³¤´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ (5b)¿Í °°Àº ¼öµ¿ÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª (6a)´Â ±âÂ÷°¡ ³ª¿¡°Ô ´Ù°¡¿Íµµ ¾Æ¹«·± À§ÇùÀ» ´À³¢Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù´Â ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ±âÂ÷´Â ÀÏÁ¤ÇÑ ±Ëµµ¸¦ ´Þ¸®±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ (6b)¿Í °°Àº ¼öµ¿Àº ºñ¹®ÀÌ µÈ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌó·³ ³íÇ× »çÀÌÀÇ ¿µÇâ °ü°è´Â ¹®¹ýÇö»óÀ» ¼³¸íÇϴµ¥ Áß¿äÇÑ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
|
¾î°¡ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹Þ´Â °æ¿ì¿¡´Â (1b)¿Í °°ÀÌ ¼öµ¿ÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù°í º¸¾Ò´Ù. ¹Ý¸é¿¡ (2a)¿¡¼´Â ³ªÀÇ ¿©µ¿»ýÀÌ È£¼ý°¡¿¡¼ Ä·ÇÎÀ» ÇÏ°íÀÖ´Ù´Â ´Ü¼øÇÑ »ç½ÇÀ» ±â¼úÇÏ°í ÀÖ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ È£¼ö´Â Ä·ÇÁ¸¦ Ä£ ¿©µ¿»ý¿¡ ÀÇÇؼ ¾Æ¹«·± ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÞÁö ¾Ê°í ÀÖ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇÑ´Ù. ÀÌó·³ ÁÖ¾î ³íÇ×ÀÌ ¸ñÀû¾î ³íÇ×ÀΠȣ¼ö¿¡ Á÷Á¢ÀûÀÎ ¿µÇâÀ» ÁÖÁö ¾Ê´Â °æ¿ì¿¡´Â (2b)¿Í °°ÀÌ ¼öµ¿ÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. (3a)¿¡¼´Â Ã¥ÀåÀÌ ÁÖ¾î ³íÇ׿¡ ÀÇÇؼ Á÷Á¢ÀûÀÎ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹Þ°í Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ (3b)¿Í °°Àº ¼öµ¿ÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª (4a)¿¡¼ Äڳʴ ÁÖ¾î ³íÇ׿¡ ÀÇÇؼ Á÷Á¢ÀûÀÎ ¿µÇâÀ» ¹ÞÁö ¾Ê¾Ò±â ¶§¹®¿¡ (4b)¿Í °°ÀÌ ¼öµ¿ÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. (5a)´Â ³¸¼± »ç¶÷ÀÌ ³ª¿¡°Ô Á¢±ÙÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ÀǹÌÇÏ¸ç ½É¸®ÀûÀ¸·Î À§ÇùÀ» ´À³¤´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ (5b)¿Í °°Àº ¼öµ¿ÀÌ °¡´ÉÇÏ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª (6a)´Â ±âÂ÷°¡ ³ª¿¡°Ô ´Ù°¡¿Íµµ ¾Æ¹«·± À§ÇùÀ» ´À³¢Áö ¾Ê´Â´Ù´Â ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù. ¿Ö³ÄÇÏ¸é ±âÂ÷´Â ÀÏÁ¤ÇÑ ±Ëµµ¸¦ ´Þ¸®±â ¶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. µû¶ó¼ (6b)¿Í °°Àº ¼öµ¿Àº ºñ¹®ÀÌ µÈ´Ù´Â °ÍÀÌ´Ù. ÀÌó·³ ³íÇ× »çÀÌÀÇ ¿µÇâ °ü°è´Â ¹®¹ýÇö»óÀ» ¼³¸íÇϴµ¥ Áß¿äÇÑ ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÑ´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.
´ÙÀ½ ¿¹¹®Àº ¿ì¸®°¡ ÈçÈ÷ ¸»ÇÏ´Â °Å¸® °ü°è´Â ÀºÀ¯Àû °³³äÀ¸·Î º¼ ¶§ ¿µÇâ°ü°è¸¦ ³ªÅ¸³½´Ù´Â °ÍÀ» º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù. ¿©±â¼´Â ¹®ÀåÀ» ÀÌ·ç´Â ³íÇ×µé »çÀÌÀÇ °Å¸® °ü°è°¡ ÀÇ¹Ì¿Í ¾î¶² °ü·ÃÀÌ ÀÖ´ÂÁö »ìÆ캸ÀÚ.
(7) a. Who are the men closest to president Lee?
b. Who are the men who have the strongest effect on president Lee?
(7a)´Â ÀÌ ´ëÅë·É°ú °¡Àå °¡±î¿î »ç¶÷ÀÌ ´©±¸Àΰ¡ ÇÏ´Â Áú¹®ÀÌ´Ù. ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î »ç¶÷µéÀº (7a)¸¦ (7b)·Î ¹Þ¾ÆµéÀδÙ. ´Ù½Ã ¸»Çؼ (7a)´Â (7b)°¡ ÀǹÌÇÏ´Â °Íó·³ ÀÌ ´ëÅë·É¿¡°Ô °¡Àå Å« ¿µÇâ·ÂÀ» Çà»çÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷ÀÌ ´©±¸Àΰ¡ ÇÏ´Â Àǹ̷Π¹Þ¾ÆµéÀδÙ. ¿©±â¼ ¿ì¸®°¡ ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀº °Å¸® °ü°è´Â ¿µÇâ·Â°ú °ü°è°¡ ÀÖ