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- ÇÕ¸®¼º À̷аú Áý´ÜÇൿ -
I. ÀÌ·ÐÀû Åä´ë: ÇÕ¸®Àû ¼±ÅÃ
1. ¹è°æ: ½Å°íÀüÆÄ °æÁ¦ÇÐÀÚµéÀÇ ¿µÇâ.
(1) ¹æ¹ý·ÐÀû °³ÀÎÁÖÀÇ: ½ÃÀå°ú º¸ÀÌÁö ¾Ê´Â ¼Õ
(2) ¼ö¿ä°ú °ø±Þ, ±×¸®°í ±ÕÇüÁ¡(equilibrium)
(3) ½ÃÀå¿øÄ¢ÀÌ °ø°øÁ¤Ã¥°áÁ¤¿¡µµ Àû¿ëµÉ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù´Â ½Å³ä: Á¤Ä¡½ÃÀå(political marketplace)
2. ÇÕ¸®¼º:
1) ¼±È£: ¿ÏÀü¼º(Completeness), ÀüÀ̼º(Transitivity), ÇÕ¸®¼º(Rationality)
2) ½Å³ä: ´ë¾ÈÀû ÇàÀ§µé°ú ±× °á°ú¿¡ ´ëÇÑ ½Å³ä
3) ±âȸ(Opportunities): ÀÚ¿ø, Á¦¾à ±×¸®°í ±× ¼Ó¿¡¼ °¡´ÉÇÑ °á°úµé
4) ÇàÀ§(Actions): °üÂûµÈ ÇàÀ§ÀÚÀÇ ¼±ÅÃ
3. È¿À²¼º(Efficiency)
(1) Èñ¼Ò¼º(Scarcity): ÀϹÝÀûÀ¸·Î ¼±È£ÀÇ ¼ø¼¿¡ Ç¥ÇöµÈ ¸ðµç ¹Ù·¥µéÀ» ¿ÏÀüÈ÷ ¸¸Á·½ÃÄÑÁÙ ¼ö°¡ ¾ø´Ù.
(2) °³º°Àû È¿À²¼º(Individual efficiency): ±â¾÷ÀÇ °æ¿ì, µ¿ÀÏÇÑ ¾çÀÇ ÅõÀÔÀ» ÅëÇؼ ´õ ¸¹Àº »êÃâÀ» »ý»êÇØ ³¾ ¼ö ÀÖµµ·Ï ÅõÀÔ¿ä¼ÒµéÀ» À籸¼ºÇÒ ¼ö ¾øÀ» ¶§ È¿À²Àû »óÅÂ. °³ÀμҺñÀÚ´Â ÁÖ¾îÁø ÀçÁ¤ÀÇ Á¦¾à(budget constraint) ÇÏ¿¡¼ º¸´Ù ¸¹Àº È¿¿ëÀ» ¾òÀ» ¶§.
(3) ÆÄ·¹Åä ÃÖÀû(Pareto Optimality): A collective allocation of optimal if resources cannot be rearranged so as to make anyone better off without making anyone worse off.
I¡¦(»ý·«)
1) ¿ÏÀü¼ºÀÇ °ø¸®(axiom of completeness): »ç¶÷µéÀº ±×µéÀÌ °¡Àå ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀÎÁö¸¦ ¾Ë°í Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ¿©·¯ °¡Áö ´ë¾Èµé »çÀÌÀÇ ¼±È£°ü°è¸¦ È®½ÇÈ÷ Ç¥¸íÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¹«°áÁ¤ÀÇ ¾î·Á¿òÀ» °ÞÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
2) ÀüÀ̼ºÀÇ °ø¸®(axiom of transitivity): x>y, y>z À̸é x>z ÀÌ´Ù. ¼±È£ÀÇ ³»ÀûÀÏ°ü¼º
3) ÇÕ¸®¼ºÀÇ °ø¸®(axiom of rationality): Àΰ£Àº ¿©·¯ ´ë¾È Áß¿¡¼ °¡Àå ¼±È£ÇÏ´Â ´ë¾ÈÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇÑ´Ù.
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nalysis of desirable properties of the political system -- What sorts of institutional arrangements are efficient, responsive, and fair? What types of voting rules most faithfully translate(aggregate) individual preferences into public decisions? What government structure is likely to prevent concentrations of power, stagnation, or instability?
(2) Three axioms
1) ¿ÏÀü¼ºÀÇ °ø¸®(axiom of completeness): »ç¶÷µéÀº ±×µéÀÌ °¡Àå ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀÎÁö¸¦ ¾Ë°í Àֱ⠶§¹®¿¡ ¿©·¯ °¡Áö ´ë¾Èµé »çÀÌÀÇ ¼±È£°ü°è¸¦ È®½ÇÈ÷ Ç¥¸íÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. ¹«°áÁ¤ÀÇ ¾î·Á¿òÀ» °ÞÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù.
x, y, °¡ ÀÖÀ» ¶§ x>y or y>x or y=x
2) ÀüÀ̼ºÀÇ °ø¸®(axiom of transitivity): x>y, y>z À̸é x>z ÀÌ´Ù. ¼±È£ÀÇ ³»ÀûÀÏ°ü¼º
3) ÇÕ¸®¼ºÀÇ °ø¸®(axiom of rationality): Àΰ£Àº ¿©·¯ ´ë¾È Áß¿¡¼ °¡Àå ¼±È£ÇÏ´Â ´ë¾ÈÀ» ¼±ÅÃÇÑ´Ù.
(3) ´Ù¼ö°á ÅõÇ¥Á¦µµ¿Í ÅõÇ¥ÀÇ ¿ª¼³(voting paradox)
1) ¹ÎÁÖÁÖÀÇ ÇÏ¿¡¼ ´Ù¼ö°á ÅõÇ¥Á¦µµ´Â °¡Àå ºó¹øÈ÷ »ç¿ëµÇ´Â °áÁ¤ÀÇ ±ÔÄ¢ÀÌÁö¸¸ ´Ù¼ö°áÁ¦µµ´Â ´ë¾ÈÀÌ ¼¼ °¡Áö ÀÌ»óÀ» °æ¿ì¿¡ ¾î¶² ´ë¾Èµµ °ú¹Ý¼ö¸¦ ¾òÁö ¸øÇÒ °¡´É¼ºÀÌ ÀÖ°í ´Ù¼ö°á ÅõÇ¥ÀÇ °á°ú°¡ ºÒ¾ÈÁ¤ÇÒ ¼öµµ ÀÖÀ¸¸ç Àü·«Àû Á¶ÀÛ(strategic manipulation)ÀÇ °¡´É¼ºµµ ÀÖ´Ù.
2) ÅõÇ¥ÀÇ ¿ª¼³
1st choice
2nd choice
3rd choice
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A
B
C
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B
C
A
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C
A
B