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�쇅遺�����쓽 �뿴�쓽 �쟾�떖�씠 媛��뒫�븳 怨꾩뿉�꽌 �뿴�뿉 �쓽�븳 怨꾩쓽 (�궡遺�)�뿉�꼫吏�(internal energy)�쓽 蹂��솕��� �뿭�븰�쟻 諛⑸쾿 利�, �씪�뿉 �쓽�븳 (�궡遺�)�뿉�꼫吏��쓽 蹂��솕�뒗 諛⑸쾿��� �떎瑜댁��留� 媛숈�� 寃곌낵瑜� 以��떎. �뿴怨� �씪��� 媛숈�� 臾쇰━�웾(�뿉�꼫吏�)�쓣 �굹����궡硫댁꽌�룄 �꽌濡� �떎瑜� �떒�쐞瑜� �궗�슜�븯�뿬 �솕湲� �븣臾몄뿉, �씠瑜� �젙�웾�쟻�쑝濡� 鍮꾧탳�븯湲� �쐞�빐�꽌 諛붽퓞 �씤�닔(conversion factor)媛� �븘�슂�븯�떎. �씠瑜� �뿴�쓽 �씪 �빐�떦�웾(mechanical equivalent of heat)�씠�씪怨� 遺�瑜대ʼn 1 calorie = 4.1860 joule �씠�떎.
�씪怨� �뿴�뿉 �쓽�빐�꽌 怨꾩쓽 �궡遺��뿉�꼫吏�媛� 蹂��솕�맆 �닔 �엳�뒗 寃쎌슦�뿉�뒗 怨꾩쓽 �뿭�븰�쟻 �뿉�꼫吏��뒗 蹂댁〈�릺吏� �븡�쓣 �닔�룄 �엳�떎. 洹몃윭�굹 �씠�윭�븳 寃쎌슦�뿉�룄 怨꾩쓽 �뿴怨� �뿭�븰�쟻 �뿉�꼫吏��쓽 珥앸웾��� 蹂��솕�릺吏� �븡�뒗�떎. �씠瑜� �뿴怨� �뿭�븰�쟻 �뿉�꼫吏��쓽 蹂댁〈(珥� �뿉�꼫吏��쓽 蹂댁〈)�씠�씪怨� 遺�瑜대ʼn, �뿭�븰�쟻 �뿉�꼫吏� 蹂댁〈 踰뺤튃��� �뿴怨� �뿭�븰�쟻 �뿉�꼫吏��쓽 蹂댁〈�뿉�꽌 �뿴�뿉 �쓽�븳 �뿉�꼫吏��쓽 蹂��솕媛� �뾾�뒗 �듅蹂꾪븳 寃쎌슦�뿉 �꽦由쏀븯�뒗 寃껋씠�씪怨� �븷 �닔 �엳�떎.
�씠 �떎�뿕�뿉�꽌�뒗 �뿴�뿉 �쓽�븳 怨꾩쓽 �궡遺��뿉�꼫吏��쓽 蹂��솕瑜� 痢≪젙�븯�뿬, �궡遺��뿉�꼫吏�瑜� 蹂��솕�떆�궎�뒗 諛⑸쾿�뿉 ����빐 �씠�빐�븯怨� �뿴�쓽 �씪 �빐�떦�웾怨� 臾쇱껜�쓽 鍮꾩뿴(specific heat)�쓣 援ы빐 蹂몃떎.
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